Biologists and paleontologists have shown that life on earth was not same in the past as it is now .this inference is drawn from the study of fossils,which are the resistant parts or molds of extinct animals and plants preserved in sediments deposited in water.these fossils help us in deciphering how life evolved.life has changed continuously,it was very simple in early stages but which passing time plants and animals became more and complex.this observation has given rise to the theory that the present living beings have gradually evolved from ancestors from ancestors which were different from them
Biologists going through the history of life are still trying to reach some point when life first appeared on this plant.the exact date is of course not known, but it is estimated that life might have made its first appearance somewhere between 500 and 3000 millions years back. Whether life appeared any one place on the surface of the earth at one particular instant of time or whether it was spontaneously created at various places and times is also not known.
Most scientist are of the opinion that life came into being on earth rather than arriving full blown from outer space and that is coming into being' involved the accumulation of non-living, earth materials in to aggregates of molecules able to grow, react to environmental stimuli and reproduces themselves more or less faithfully generation.
The appearance of living beings associated with the epoch when torrents of water fell from the sky on the slowly cooling surface of the earth forming extensive ocean basins which have always been recognized as the cradle of primeval life. These basins of deposition i.e lakes, seas and oceans, in addition to other mineral matter, contained clay which are extremely small in partical size and various chemical elements in solution.
Every organism seems to require at least 20 chemical elements and perhaps traces of servile others. It may be no accident that the elements essential to life are universally present in sea water. Water itself makes a major portion of all living beings. Following verse of the Quran appear to have a bearing on this subject :
" And Allah has created from water every living creature. " (ch. 24, v. 45 )According to most geologists, the earth during its early history was very hot, chemical activity must have been rapid and atoms were therefore forming and reforming into many kinds of molecules. It is assumed that the young earth had an atmosphere composed primarily of water vapor, ammonia and methane. It is reasoned that under such conditions, simple organic substances i.e molecules containing several carbonation might have formed. Methane, ammonia and water-vapor contain the kinds of atoms to from amino-acids. The creation of self-duplicating and energy gathering molecules from amino-acids is the essential step in the appearance of life. The energy required to from these compounds could have come from the heat of the earth and from the electric energy of lightning. Over millions of years, an accumulation of such organic compounds within oceans, seas and lakes might have produced a kind of hot thin soup. In this thin organic soup, it is likely that simple organic compounds were concentrated, perhaps on clay flakes and ultimately banded to gather to from the larges molecules that seemed to be the building blocks of all living things. Finally it is supposed that by eventually coming together, these larger molecules might have formed a simple living organisms In the transition from dead matter to living beings, organisms like the virus might have developed which are crystalline - like inanimate on earth appear to be a direct product of the earth. The transition of dead matter to living material and vice verse is confirmed by the Quran in the following words.
" It is certainly Allah who splits the grain and the date stone (seed). He brings out the living (animate) from the dead. " (ch. 6, v. 95)
Evolution is the name given to the comprehensive plan of sequence in all natural events. Organisms are inherently plastic and capable of changing. This ability of life to assume various forms and to achieve various reactions in order to survive is the real significant theme that runs through the history of life. The implication of evolution is that all has been derived from one or few simple living beings.
The germs of life, once they came into existence, started an evolutionary course towards higher and more diversified forms. No new organism came into existence till its food in the form of lower plants and animals had come into existence. Once established, life could spread rapidly as long as food sources were available. As food sources declined, competition set in and only the most efficient survived. Life was not stationary, organisms migrated and dispersed themselves in various directions from their place of origin according to prevailing opportunities and conditions. It is stated in the Quran :
" And there is not an animal in the earth nor a bird that files on its two wings but they are communities (species) like that of your..... " (ch. 6, v. 38)
One of the most important reasons which makes Muslims discard the theory of evolution is that most of the supporters of this theory in a particular form to give rise to life, They do not feel the necessity of believing God to be the creator because they feel that chance, accident, laws of nature, evolution etc, can explain everything from an atom to man and the universe.
Followings passage on 'Chance' by Mottarn, a writer of science, should serve as a good argument, against the possibility of things coming into existence by chance and thus convince us to accept Allah as the Creator.
The inert lifeless matter on our planet sprang into life under the influence of natural force and that the simple living things so generated were gradually and slowly molded by other natural force into the multitudinous wonderful, entrancing manifestations of life around us i.e we descend from specks of jelly like living material which evolved out of inanimate mater. Scientists suggest that barging into each other, combining and recombining by chance, until accidentally, one day they gave rise to protein and complex reactions of proteins constitute the phenomenon we call life. By chance in the past, something like virus,supposed to be the missing link between inanimate matter and living things, originated. Than all life evolved from them, it was all chance. Chance brought the required elements together Chance enabled them to from proteins. Chance enabled life to evolve. Everything from molecules to man can be explained by evolution and that is by chance.
Charles Eugene Guys, a Swiss mathematician calculated the chance of manufacturing a single molecule of some simple protein like substance and also the amount of material which would have to be shaken together to do it. The probability against protein happening is very great indeed. The odds against wining the protein stakes are 100^160 times to one. Also the amount of material necessary to produce that one molecule is much greater that the material comprising the whole universe, sixtellion, sixtellion, sixtellion times greater. For it to occur on one small planet it would need endless years 10^243. It does not look probable that even simple proteins can be manufactured by chance. Prof. J.B. Lathes calculated that protein links in the chain of a quite simple protein can be put together in 10^48 ways, and the virus protein are complicated proteins, which consideration makes it all the more unlikely that chance made them.
I looks as though an intelligent, purposeful mind must have stepped in when matter on earth had cooled sufficiently and created proteins and endowed them with life'. (Science in perspective, deny Thomson A Scientific basis for belief in God).
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